Types of AI.
Today’s Article focuses primarily on the 3 Different Types of AI, Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI).
Today, most experts and AI Practitioners agree that ANI is still a maturing science, AGI is at least a couple of decades away from maturity, and ASI is even farther off, possibly a century or two away.
Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) (Weak AI) (Narrow AI)
- “Narrow AI would be useful for testing hypotheses about minds but would not actually be minds”- John Searle, Ex-Professor, University of California.
- Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), also referred to as Weak AI or Narrow AI, is the only type of AI we have successfully realized and understood to date.
- Narrow AI is also highly intelligent at completing the specific task it is programmed to do.
- Narrow AI is Rigid and can only perform any one task at a given point of time. It cannot perform tasks Simultaneously.
Siri, Cortana, and Google Assistant are all examples of narrow AI, but they are not good examples of a weak AI, as they operate within a limited pre-defined range of functions. They do not implement parts of minds; they use NLP together with predefined rules.
They are not examples of strong AI as there is no actual intelligence or proper self-awareness.
- While these may seem intelligent enough, they operate under a narrow and limited set of constraints, limitations and barriers which is also one of the reasons that this is referred to as Weak AI.
- It doesn’t mimic or replicate human intelligence; it merely simulates human expressions, behavior, etc., based on a narrow range of inputted, programmed, pre-defined parameters and contexts.
- Narrow AI’s machine intelligence comes from the use of NLP to perform tasks. NLP is evident in chatbots and similar AI technologies.
- By understanding speech and text in natural language used by humans, AI can interact with humans in a natural, personalized and a better manner.
There are 2 Types of Narrow AI
- Reactive: Reactive AI is incredibly basic; it has no memory or data storage capabilities, emulating the human mind’s ability to respond to distinct kinds of stimuli without prior experience.
- Limited Memory: Limited memory AI is more advanced and is equipped with data storage and learning capabilities that enable machines to use historical data to inform decisions.
Most AI is limited memory AI, where machines use large volumes of data for deep learning. DL enables personalized AI experiences, for example, virtual assistants or search engines that store your data and personalize your future experiences based on your preferences, likes, dislikes and more to give you similar, and related results.
Some Examples of Narrow AI Include:
- IBM Watson
- FaceID
- Virtual Assistants like Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa, Cortana, Bixby etc.
- Self-Driving Cars
- Social Media Monitoring
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) (Deep AI) (Strong AI)
- Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) mimics human intelligence or behaviors, along with the ability to learn and apply its intelligence to solve any problem. AGI can think, understand, and act in a way that is indistinguishable from that of a human in any given situation.
2 Early (Undeveloped/Unprocessed) Examples Include:
- Pino: Pino, named after Pinocchio, is a Robot from Japan. He Taught Himself how to walk, through trial and error!
- Kismet: Kismet is the head of a robot built by a Professor at MIT. Using Computer Vision, Kismet was able to pick-up, learn new expressions, faces, and re-enact them, which were never programmed into her!
AGI uses a theory of mind AI framework, it’s about training machines to understand humans, which refers to the ability to discern needs, emotions, beliefs and thought processes of other intelligent entitles.
The huge chunk of a challenge of achieving AGI is not surprising when you consider that it is the human brain which is the model for creating AGI. AGI’s goal is to mimic and replicate human intelligence, stuff humans do, etc.
The lack of comprehensive knowledge on the functionality and capabilities of the human brain is the reason researchers and AI Scientists are struggling with basic functions like sight, senses, movement etc.
“AI researchers and scientists have not yet achieved strong AI. To succeed, they would need to find a way to make machines conscious, programming a full set of cognitive abilities. Machines would have to take experiential learning to the next level, not just improving efficiency on singular tasks, but gaining the ability to apply experiential knowledge to a wider range of different problems”- Codebots
Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)
- Artificial Super Intelligence has long been a thing of Sci-Fi, Futurism etc. in which robots overrun, overthrow, enslave, exploit, to harm humanity and take over the world.
- The concept of ASI sees AI evolving to replicate human emotions and experiences, that it doesn’t just understand them, it gives rise to emotions, needs, beliefs, thoughts, characteristics, and desires of its own.
- It is the hypothetical AI that doesn’t just mimic or understand human intelligence and behavior, but where machines become self-aware, self-conscious and surpass the capacity of human intelligence, ability, and power.
- Basically, Sci-Fi Right? Not Exactly. The Above image depicts what some people might think of the future of AI, and Robotics etc, but such depictions are illustrative, and made-up, usually not backed up or based on evidence, results, or proofs, etc.
- The potential of having such powerful machines at our disposal and the thought of them being at our service at any time, may seem appealing, it may seem that it would contribute to a more luxurious life for us, but the concept itself has an ocean of unknown consequences, doubts, and dangers, which people, who dream about automation, robotic-servants, powerful AI at our service generally don’t consider.
Example of A Speculation in this case:
- If self-aware super intelligent beings were real, they would be capable of thinking, and carrying out ideas like self-preservation, self-development, self-governance, self-conservation etc. This will have an enormous impact on humanity, our survival, our way of life, etc.
This is an example of a Speculation, something which people seem to believe in, without considering the facts, truth, the back-end story, the source, the publisher etc. In this case, it is regarding people’s opinion on the future of AI, Robotics, etc.
Thanks for Reading, Happy Learning!
